【Oracle】实用脚本归纳

文中使用的Oracle版本为10g。
1. 查找当前表级锁

select sess.sid, 
    sess.serial#, 
    lo.oracle_username, 
    lo.os_user_name, 
    ao.object_name, 
    lo.locked_mode 
from v$locked_object lo, 
    dba_objects ao, 
    v$session sess 
where ao.object_id = lo.object_id 
and lo.session_id = sess.sid;

杀掉锁表进程

alter system kill session '436,35123';

RAC环境中锁查找

SELECT inst_id,
        DECODE(request,0,'Holder: ','Waiter: ')||sid sess, 
        id1, id2, lmode, request, type,block,ctime
FROM GV$LOCK
WHERE (id1, id2, type) IN
       (SELECT id1, id2, type FROM GV$LOCK WHERE request>0)
ORDER BY id1, request;

监控当前数据库谁在运行什么

select osuser, username, sql_text
from  v$session a, v$sqltext b 
where  a.sql_address =b.address 
order by address, piece;

使用CPU多的用户session

select a.sid,spid,status,
      substr(a.program,1,40) prog,
      a.terminal,osuser,value/60/100 value 
from  v$session a,v$process b,v$sesstat c 
where  c.statistic#=12 and  
       c.sid=a.sid and  
       a.paddr=b.addr  
order by value desc;

查看死锁信息

SELECT (SELECT username
          FROM v$session
         WHERE SID = a.SID) blocker, a.SID, 'is blocking',
       (SELECT username
          FROM v$session
         WHERE SID = b.SID) blockee, b.SID
FROM v$lock a, v$lock b
WHERE a.BLOCK = 1 
    AND b.request > 0 
    AND a.id1 = b.id1 
    AND a.id2 = b.id2;

查询具有最高等待的对象

SELECT o.OWNER,o.object_name, o.object_type, a.event,
      SUM (a.wait_time + a.time_waited) total_wait_time
FROM v$active_session_history a, dba_objects o
WHERE a.sample_time BETWEEN SYSDATE - 30 / 2880 AND SYSDATE
     AND a.current_obj# = o.object_id
GROUP BY o.OWNER,o.object_name, o.object_type, a.event
ORDER BY total_wait_time DESC;

SELECT a.session_id, s.osuser, s.machine, s.program, o.owner, 
        o.object_name,o.object_type, a.event,
        SUM (a.wait_time + a.time_waited) total_wait_time
FROM v$active_session_history a, dba_objects o, v$session s
WHERE a.sample_time BETWEEN SYSDATE - 30 / 2880 AND SYSDATE
     AND a.current_obj# = o.object_id
     AND a.session_id = s.SID
GROUP BY o.owner,
         o.object_name,o.object_type,
         a.event,a.session_id,
         s.program, s.machine,s.osuser
ORDER BY total_wait_time DESC;

查询当前连接会话数

select s.value,s.sid,a.username
from v$sesstat S,v$statname N,v$session A
where n.statistic#=s.statistic# 
    and name='session pga memory'
    and s.sid=a.sid
order by s.value;

等待最多的用户

SELECT s.SID, s.username, 
    SUM (a.wait_time + a.time_waited) total_wait_time
FROM v$active_session_history a, v$session s
WHERE a.sample_time BETWEEN SYSDATE - 30 / 2880 AND SYSDATE
GROUP BY s.SID, s.username
ORDER BY total_wait_time DESC;

等待最多的会话

SELECT a.program, a.session_id, a.user_id, 
      d.username, s.sql_text,
      SUM (a.wait_time + a.time_waited) total_wait_time
FROM v$active_session_history a, v$sqlarea s, dba_users d
WHERE a.sample_time BETWEEN SYSDATE - 30 / 2880 AND SYSDATE
     AND a.sql_id = s.sql_id
     AND a.user_id = d.user_id
GROUP BY a.program, a.session_id, a.user_id, s.sql_text, d.username;

查看消耗资源最多的SQL

SELECT hash_value, executions, 
      buffer_gets, disk_reads,parse_calls
FROM V$SQLAREA
WHERE buffer_gets > 10000000 OR disk_reads > 1000000
ORDER BY buffer_gets + 100 * disk_reads DESC;

select se.username,
       se.sid,
       su.extents,
       su.blocks * to_number(rtrim(p.value)) as Space,
       tablespace,
       segtype,
       sql_text
  from v$sort_usage su, v$parameter p, v$session se, v$sql s
 where p.name = 'db_block_size'
   and su.session_addr = se.saddr
   and s.hash_value = su.sqlhash
   and s.address = su.sqladdr
 order by se.username, se.sid

查看某条SQL语句的资源消耗

SELECT hash_value,buffer_gets,disk_reads,
      executions,parse_calls
FROM V$SQLAREA
WHERE hash_Value = 228801498 
    AND address = hextoraw('CBD8E4B0');

查询会话执行的实际SQL

SELECT a.SID,a.username,s.sql_text
FROM v$session a, v$sqltext s
WHERE a.sql_address = s.address
     AND a.sql_hash_value = s.hash_value
     AND a.status = 'ACTIVE'
ORDER BY a.username, a.SID, s.piece;

显示正在等待锁的所有会话

SELECT * FROM DBA_WAITERS;

查询表空间使用情况

SELECT UPPER(F.TABLESPACE_NAME) "表空间名",
　　D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB "表空间大小(M)",
　　D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB - F.TOTAL_BYTES "已使用空间(M)",
　　TO_CHAR(ROUND((D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB - F.TOTAL_BYTES) / D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB * 100,2),'990.99') || '%' "使用比",
　　F.TOTAL_BYTES "空闲空间(M)",
　　F.MAX_BYTES "最大块(M)"
FROM (SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,
　　ROUND(SUM(BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) TOTAL_BYTES,
　　ROUND(MAX(BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) MAX_BYTES
　　   FROM SYS.DBA_FREE_SPACE
   GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME) F,
　　  (SELECT DD.TABLESPACE_NAME,
　　 ROUND(SUM(DD.BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) TOT_GROOTTE_MB
  FROM SYS.DBA_DATA_FILES DD
　　   GROUP BY DD.TABLESPACE_NAME) D
WHERE D.TABLESPACE_NAME = F.TABLESPACE_NAME
ORDER BY 1;

查询表空间的free space

select tablespace_name,
　　count(*) as extends,
　　round(sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024, 2) as MB,
　　sum(blocks) as blocks
from dba_free_space
group by tablespace_name;

查询表空间的总容量

select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 as MB
from dba_data_files
group by tablespace_name;

查询表空间使用率

select total.tablespace_name,
　　round(total.MB, 2) as Total_MB,
　　round(total.MB - free.MB, 2) as Used_MB,
　　round((1 - free.MB / total.MB) * 100, 2) || '%' as Used_Pct
from (select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 as MB
　　from dba_free_space
　　group by tablespace_name) free,
　　  (select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 as MB
　　from dba_data_files
　　group by tablespace_name) total
where free.tablespace_name = total.tablespace_name;

查询数据库最大连接数

select value 
from v$parameter 
where name = 'processes';

20. 对象不再存在(ORA-08103)解决方法
先查询出“xxx”对象信息

SQL> select obj#,dataobj#,name,type#,owner# from obj$ where name='xxx';
OBJ#   DATAOBJ#   NAME                 TYPE#     OWNER#
----- ---------- ---------------- ---------- ----------
5368              xxx               5           1
5993              xxx               42         66

根据obj#对应的id值精确定位到对象（根据OWNER字段判断对象归属，这个不再详述）

SQL> select obj#,dataobj#,name,type#,owner# from obj$ where obj#=5993;
OBJ#   DATAOBJ#   NAME                 TYPE#     OWNER#
----- ---------- ---------------- ---------- ----------
5993              xxx               42         66

确认obj#对象后使用delete from命令进行删除

SQL> delete from obj$ where obj#=5993;
已删除 1 行。
SQL> commit;
提交完成。

提交之后再重新查询对象

SQL> select obj#,dataobj#,name,type#,owner# from obj$ where name='xxx';
OBJ#   DATAOBJ#   NAME                 TYPE#     OWNER#
----- ---------- ---------------- ---------- ----------
5368              xxx               5           1

生成10以内随机数语句

select round(to_number(dbms_random.value)*10,0) from dual;

数字非科学计数法输出

select to_char('65647.2657696732665873677469045687295023',999990.999999999999999) from dual;

解决ORA-22992问题

在存储过程中使用游标进行数据插入，在执行了一半时抛出以下错误：

ORA-22992 cannot use LOB locators selected from remote tables

可使用

create table  as select ...

或

insert into  select ...

解决这个问题。

判断某字段中存在中文

select b.* from  b where asciistr(b.) like '%\%';

查询资源消耗最多的语句

select se.username,
      se.sid,
      su.extents,
      su.blocks * to_number(rtrim(p.value)) as Space,
      tablespace,
      segtype,
      sql_text
from v$sort_usage su, v$parameter p, v$session se, v$sql s
where p.name = 'db_block_size'
    and su.session_addr = se.saddr
    and s.hash_value = su.sqlhash
    and s.address = su.sqladdr
order by se.username, se.sid

查看当前数据库最大连接数

select value from v$parameter where name = 'processes';

设置回滚保留时间

ALTER SYSTEM SET UNDO_RETENTION= SCOPE=BOTH;

去掉回车、换行、空格

-- 去除换行
update  t set t.=replace(t.,chr(10),'');

-- 去掉回车
update  t set t.=replace(t.,chr(13),'');

-- 去掉空格
update  t set t.=trim(t.);

根据sid查询pid

select pro.spid 
from v$session ses,v$process pro 
where ses.sid='' and ses.paddr=pro.addr;

分段导出数据备份

exp based/password 
file=/oracle/DataBkup/.dmp,
     /oracle/DataBkup/.dmp,
     /oracle/DataBkup/.dmp,
     /oracle/DataBkup/.dmp 
filesize=2147483648 
owner=

查看正在运行的Job（定时器）

SELECT SID,JOB FROM DBA_JOBS_RUNNING;

创建表空间

create tablespace  logging datafile '' size 50m autoextend on ;
alter user  quota unlimited on ;

查看表空间

-- 表空间使用情况
SELECT UPPER(F.TABLESPACE_NAME) "表空间名",
　　    D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB "表空间大小(M)",
　　    D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB - F.TOTAL_BYTES "已使用空间(M)",
　　    TO_CHAR(ROUND((D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB - F.TOTAL_BYTES) /    D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB * 100,2),'990.99') || '%' "使用比",
　　    F.TOTAL_BYTES "空闲空间(M)",
　　    F.MAX_BYTES "最大块(M)"
FROM (SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,
　　          ROUND(SUM(BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) TOTAL_BYTES,
　　          ROUND(MAX(BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) MAX_BYTES
　　   FROM SYS.DBA_FREE_SPACE
　　   GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME) F,
　　  (SELECT DD.TABLESPACE_NAME,
　　          ROUND(SUM(DD.BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) TOT_GROOTTE_MB
　　   FROM SYS.DBA_DATA_FILES DD
　　   GROUP BY DD.TABLESPACE_NAME) D
WHERE D.TABLESPACE_NAME = F.TABLESPACE_NAME 
   --and F.TABLESPACE_NAME = ''
ORDER BY 1;

-- 表空间大小以及存放位置
SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,BYTES/1024/1024 FILE_SIZE_MB,FILE_NAME FROM DBA_DATA_FILES

额外增加表空间

alter tablespace  add datafile '' size 2024M;

删除表空间

DROP USER  CASCADE;
DROP TABLESPACE  INCLUDING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES;

重新解析表中索引增速

analyze table  compute statistics for all indexes;

统计字符出现次数

select length(replace(a., ',', ',,'))-length(a.) from ;

变更分区信息

alter table  enable row movement;

查询表中外键

select * from user_constraints c where c.constraint_type = 'R' and c.table_name = ''

dmp导入指定表

imp system/manager@TEST  file=d:\daochu.dmp  tables=(table1)

查看正在运行的存储过程

select b.sid,b.SERIAL#
from SYS.V_$ACCESS a, SYS.V_$session b
where a.type = 'PROCEDURE'
  and (a.OBJECT like upper('%ZZ_Z%') or a.OBJECT like lower('%ZZ_Z%'))
  and a.sid = b.sid
  and b.status = 'ACTIVE';

Unix下数据备份

# 先转成oracle用户
su - oracle
#导出命令
$ exp / file= tables=

Job（定时器）正确写法

-- 每分钟执行
Interval => TRUNC(sysdate,'mi') + 1/ (24*60)
-- 每天定时执行（每天的凌晨1点执行）
Interval => TRUNC(sysdate) + 1 +1/ (24)
-- 每周定时执行（每周一凌晨1点执行）
Interval => TRUNC(NEXT_DAY(sysdate,'星期一'))+1/24
-- 每月定时执行（每月1日凌晨1点执行）
Interval =>TRUNC(LAST_DAY(SYSDATE))+1+1/24
-- 每季度定时执行（每季度的第一天凌晨1点执行）
Interval => TRUNC(ADD_MONTHS(SYSDATE,3),'Q') + 1/24
-- 每半年定时执行（每年7月1日和1月1日凌晨1点）
Interval => ADD_MONTHS(TRUNC(sysdate,'yyyy'),6)+1/24
-- 每年定时执行（每年1月1日凌晨1点执行）
Interval =>ADD_MONTHS(TRUNC(sysdate,'yyyy'),12)+1/24

增加临时表空间

alter tablespace TEMP add tempfile '' size 2046M;
alter database tempfile '' autoextend on next 3M maxsize unlimited;

横表变纵表（行转列）

加入现在有一张表名为“tb”，且tb表中字段为Name（varchar2（12）），Subject（varchar2（128））和Result（int），如下：

Name 			 Subject 		 Result
---------- ----------- -----------
张三 			 语文　　		 74
张三 			 数学　　		 83
张三 			 物理　　		 93
李四 			 语文　　		 74
李四 			 数学　　		 84
李四 			 物理　　		 94

现在需要对其进行行转列，我们先看静态SQL的转换

select name 姓名,
  max(case subject when '语文' then result else 0 end) 语文,
  max(case subject when '数学' then result else 0 end) 数学,
  max(case subject when '物理' then result else 0 end) 物理
from tb
group by name

如果列字段并不固定，同时又想行转列，这种情况下需要使用函数处理

declare @sql varchar(8000)
set @sql = 'select Name as ' + '姓名'
select @sql = @sql + ' , max(case Subject when ''' + Subject + ''' then Result else 0 end) [' + Subject + ']'
from (select distinct Subject from tb) as a
set @sql = @sql + ' from tb group by name'
exec(@sql)

结果输出为

姓名         语文        数学        物理          
---------- ----------- ----------- ----------- 
李四         74          84          94
张三         74          83          93

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