测试和验证 IronPython 兼容性机制的完整指南

IronPython 的ScriptEngine和ScriptScope兼容性验证机制需要通过多层次测试确保其正确性。以下是系统化的测试方法和实践策略：

一、单元测试：验证基础兼容性逻辑

1. 版本号验证测试

csharp

[Test]
public void ShouldValidateScriptVersion() {
    // Arrange
    var engine = Python.CreateEngine();
    var scope = engine.CreateScope();
    engine.Execute(@"
__version__ = '1.0.2'
", scope);

    // Act
    string actualVersion = scope.GetVariable<string>("__version__");

    // Assert
    Assert.AreEqual("1.0.2", actualVersion);
}

2. 函数签名验证测试

csharp

[Test]
public void ShouldCheckFunctionSignatureCompatibility() {
    // Arrange
    var engine = Python.CreateEngine();
    var scope = engine.CreateScope();
    engine.Execute(@"
def calculate_discount(price, rate):
    return price * (1 - rate)
", scope);

    // Act & Assert
    dynamic function = scope.GetVariable("calculate_discount");
    int paramCount = function.GetType().GetMethod("Invoke").GetParameters().Length;
    Assert.AreEqual(2, paramCount);  // 验证参数数量
}

3. 类型兼容性测试

csharp

[Test]
public void ShouldHandleTypeCompatibility() {
    // Arrange
    var engine = Python.CreateEngine();
    var scope = engine.CreateScope();
    scope.SetVariable("number", 42);  // C# int

    // Act
    engine.Execute(@"
result = number * 2  # Python操作
", scope);

    // Assert
    int result = scope.GetVariable<int>("result");
    Assert.AreEqual(84, result);  // 验证类型转换正确性
}

二、集成测试：验证跨组件协作

1. 脚本与宿主 API 集成测试

csharp

[Test]
public void ShouldValidateHostApiCompatibility() {
    // Arrange
    var engine = Python.CreateEngine();
    var scope = engine.CreateScope();
    
    // 暴露C# API给Python
    scope.SetVariable("math_utils", new MathUtils());  // 自定义C#工具类

    // Act
    engine.Execute(@"
result = math_utils.Add(10, 20)  # 调用C#方法
", scope);

    // Assert
    int result = scope.GetVariable<int>("result");
    Assert.AreEqual(30, result);
}

public class MathUtils {
    public int Add(int a, int b) => a + b;
}

2. 多版本脚本共存测试

csharp

[Test]
public void ShouldSupportMultipleScriptVersions() {
    // Arrange
    var engine = Python.CreateEngine();
    var scopeV1 = engine.CreateScope();
    var scopeV2 = engine.CreateScope();

    // 加载不同版本脚本
    engine.Execute(@"
__version__ = '1.0'
def get_message():
    return 'Version 1.0'
", scopeV1);

    engine.Execute(@"
__version__ = '2.0'
def get_message():
    return 'Version 2.0'
", scopeV2);

    // Assert
    Assert.AreEqual("Version 1.0", scopeV1.GetVariable<Func<string>>("get_message")());
    Assert.AreEqual("Version 2.0", scopeV2.GetVariable<Func<string>>("get_message")());
}

三、边界测试：验证极端场景

1. 不兼容版本错误处理

csharp

[Test]
public void ShouldThrowOnVersionMismatch() {
    // Arrange
    var engine = Python.CreateEngine();
    var scope = engine.CreateScope();
    
    // 预期版本1.0，但脚本是2.0
    const string expectedVersion = "1.0";
    const string script = "__version__ = '2.0'";

    // Act & Assert
    engine.Execute(script, scope);
    string actualVersion = scope.GetVariable<string>("__version__");
    
    Assert.AreNotEqual(expectedVersion, actualVersion);
}

2. 类型转换失败测试

csharp

[Test]
public void ShouldHandleTypeConversionFailure() {
    // Arrange
    var engine = Python.CreateEngine();
    var scope = engine.CreateScope();

    // Act & Assert
    Assert.Throws<InvalidCastException>(() => {
        engine.Execute(@"
value = 'not a number'
", scope);
        int number = scope.GetVariable<int>("value");  // 字符串转int失败
    });
}

四、性能测试：验证大规模场景

1. 脚本加载性能测试

csharp

[Test]
public void ShouldMeetPerformanceRequirements() {
    // Arrange
    var engine = Python.CreateEngine();
    const int iterations = 1000;
    var stopwatch = new Stopwatch();

    // Act
    stopwatch.Start();
    for (int i = 0; i < iterations; i++) {
        var scope = engine.CreateScope();
        engine.Execute("x = 1 + 2", scope);
    }
    stopwatch.Stop();

    // Assert
    double msPerExecution = stopwatch.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds / iterations;
    Assert.Less(msPerExecution, 1);  // 要求每次执行<1ms
}

2. 内存占用测试

csharp

[Test]
public void ShouldManageMemoryEfficiently() {
    // Arrange
    var engine = Python.CreateEngine();
    var scopes = new List<ScriptScope>();

    // Act - 创建大量作用域
    for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
        var scope = engine.CreateScope();
        engine.Execute("data = [1] * 1000", scope);  // 每个作用域占用一定内存
        scopes.Add(scope);
    }

    // Assert
    long memoryUsage = GC.GetTotalMemory(true);
    Assert.Less(memoryUsage, 100_000_000);  // 限制总内存使用<100MB
}

五、自动化测试框架集成

1. 使用 NUnit 框架组织测试

csharp

[TestFixture]
public class IronPythonCompatibilityTests {
    private ScriptEngine engine;

    [SetUp]
    public void Setup() {
        engine = Python.CreateEngine();
    }

    [Test]
    public void ShouldExecuteSimpleScript() {
        var scope = engine.CreateScope();
        engine.Execute("x = 5", scope);
        Assert.AreEqual(5, scope.GetVariable<int>("x"));
    }

    // 其他测试方法...
}

2. 持续集成配置（示例：GitHub Actions）

yaml

name: IronPython Compatibility Tests
on: [push]
jobs:
  test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      - name: Setup .NET
        uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v3
        with:
          dotnet-version: 6.0.x
      - name: Install dependencies
        run: dotnet restore
      - name: Run tests
        run: dotnet test --no-restore --verbosity normal

六、验证策略总结

1. 分层验证：单元测试验证基础功能集成测试验证组件协作端到端测试验证完整流程
2. 覆盖维度：版本号验证类型兼容性API 调用正确性错误处理机制
3. 质量指标：测试覆盖率（目标 > 90%）性能基准（如加载时间 < 100ms）内存泄漏检测

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通过系统化的测试和验证，可确保 IronPython 的兼容性机制在生产环境中稳定可靠，有效支持热更新、多版本共存等高级场景。